Psychology RootsProspective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ)
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About Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ)
Scale Name
Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ)
Author Details
Graham Smith, Sergio Della Sala, Robert H. Logie, and Elizabeth A. Maylor
Translation Availability
English
Background/Description
The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) is a self-report instrument developed by Smith et al. (2000) to assess the frequency of memory failures in daily life, distinguishing between prospective memory (remembering to perform intended actions) and retrospective memory (remembering past events or information).
The PRMQ consists of 16 items, each rated on a 5-point scale ranging from ‘Very Often’ to ‘Never,’ evaluating how often individuals experience specific types of memory lapses. This tool is valuable in both clinical and research settings for understanding memory function across various populations, including those with neurological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Obtain the Copy: Secure a legitimate version of the PRMQ for administration.
- Explain the Purpose: Inform respondents that the PRMQ measures the frequency of prospective and retrospective memory failures in daily life.
- Provide Instructions: Guide respondents to rate each of the 16 items based on their typical experiences with memory lapses, using the provided 5-point scale.
- Approximate Time: Allocate approximately 5-10 minutes for completion.
- Administer the Scale: Ensure a quiet environment for respondents to complete the questionnaire without interruptions.
Reliability and Validity
The PRMQ has demonstrated high internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.89, indicating reliable measurement of memory failures. Its validity has been supported through significant correlations with other established memory assessment tools, confirming its effectiveness in distinguishing between prospective and retrospective memory failures. The PRMQ has been utilized across diverse demographic groups, including variations in age, education, and cultural backgrounds, further supporting its robustness as a memory assessment instrument.
Available Versions
16-Items
Reference
Smith, G., Del Sala, S., Logie, R. H., & Maylor, E. A. (2000). Prospective and retrospective memory in normal ageing and dementia: A questionnaire study. Memory, 8(5), 311-321.
Crawford, J., Smith, G., Maylor, E., Della Sala, S., & Logie, R. (2003). The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ): Normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample. Memory, 11(3), 261-275.
Burrus, A. L. (2019). What does time management mean to you? Exploring measures of time management and group differences. University of Missouri-Saint Louis.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the purpose of the PRMQ?
The PRMQ assesses the frequency of prospective and retrospective memory failures in daily life.
How many items are included in the PRMQ?
The questionnaire consists of 16 self-report items.
How long does it take to complete the PRMQ?
It typically takes between 5 to 10 minutes to complete.
Is the PRMQ reliable?
Yes, the PRMQ has demonstrated high internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.89.
In what contexts is the PRMQ used?
The PRMQ is utilized in both clinical and research settings to evaluate memory function across various populations, including those with neurological conditions.
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