Psychology RootsParenting Style Questionnaire
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About Parenting Style Questionnaire
Scale Name
Parenting Style Questionnaire
Author Details
Robinson, C. C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., and Hart, C. H.
Translation Availability
English
Background/Description
The Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ), developed by Robinson et al. in 1995, is a widely used tool for assessing parenting practices across three primary styles: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. These styles are based on Baumrind’s seminal parenting model. The PSQ aims to measure specific behaviors, attitudes, and strategies used by parents to guide and discipline their children.
The scale consists of 30 items designed to provide a nuanced understanding of parenting practices and their effects on child development. The authoritative style focuses on warmth, responsiveness, and structured guidance. The authoritarian style emphasizes strict control and discipline with limited warmth. The permissive style reflects leniency and high responsiveness but minimal control.
The PSQ has been employed in research and clinical settings to understand the role of parenting in child outcomes such as academic performance, emotional well-being, and social skills.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Obtain the Instrument: Access the PSQ from academic sources or directly from the authors’ publications.
- Define the Purpose: Use the tool for research, clinical assessment, or educational purposes.
- Provide Instructions: Parents are asked to respond to items based on their typical behavior and attitudes toward their children.
- Administer the Scale: The PSQ includes 30 items, rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Never) to 5 (Always).
- Items are categorized under three parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive.
Reliability and Validity
The PSQ demonstrates high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.75 to 0.91 for the three parenting styles. Validation studies support the construct validity of the PSQ. It aligns well with theoretical expectations of Baumrind’s parenting model and has been cross-culturally validated.
Available Versions
30-Items
Reference
Robinson, C. C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (1995). Authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting practices: Development of a new measure. Psychological reports, 77(3), 819-830.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the PSQ measure?
It measures authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting practices.
Who can use the PSQ?
Researchers, psychologists, educators, and counselors.
How long does it take to complete?
Approximately 15–20 minutes.
Can the PSQ be adapted for other cultures?
Yes, with appropriate validation studies.
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