Psychology RootsInventory of Interpersonal Problems – Personality Disorders – 25 (IIP-PD-25)
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About Inventory of Interpersonal Problems – Personality Disorders – 25 (IIP-PD-25)
Scale Name
Inventory of Interpersonal Problems – Personality Disorders – 25 (IIP-PD-25)
Author Details
Paul A. Pilkonis, Yookyung Kim, Joseph M. Proietti, and Michael Barkham
Translation Availability
English
Background/Description
The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems – Personality Disorders – 25 (IIP-PD-25), developed by Pilkonis et al. (1996), is a 25-item self-report scale designed to screen for interpersonal difficulties associated with personality disorders in adults. Published in the Journal of Personality Disorders, it is derived from the 127-item Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) and focuses on three subscales: Interpersonal Sensitivity (9 items, e.g., feeling overly hurt by criticism), Interpersonal Ambivalence (8 items, e.g., difficulty expressing affection), and Aggression (8 items, e.g., frequent anger). These subscales capture interpersonal dysfunctions common in personality disorders, particularly Cluster B (e.g., borderline, narcissistic) and Cluster C (e.g., avoidant, dependent).
Participants rate the distress caused by each interpersonal problem over the past month on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = “Not at all” to 4 = “Extremely”). Total scores range from 0–100, with subscale scores ranging from 0–32 (Aggression/Ambivalence) or 0–36 (Sensitivity). Higher scores indicate greater interpersonal dysfunction. The IIP-PD-25 was validated with 103 psychiatric patients (mean age ≈ 30–40 years, ~60% female, U.S.-based) and 105 controls, showing that patients scored significantly higher (e.g., mean total score ≈ 50 vs. 20 for controls). It correlates with the SCID-II for personality disorders (r ≈ 0.40–0.60) and measures of psychological distress (r ≈ 0.50–0.70). The scale is used in clinical psychology, psychiatry, and research to screen for personality disorder-related interpersonal issues, inform diagnostic assessments, and monitor treatment outcomes.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Obtain the scale from Pilkonis et al. (1996) or authorized sources (e.g., Journal of Personality Disorders), ensuring ethical permissions.
- Explain to participants (adults, typically in clinical or research settings) that the questionnaire assesses interpersonal difficulties, emphasizing confidentiality and voluntary participation.
- Administer the 25-item scale in a clinical or research setting, using paper or digital formats, with instructions to rate distress from interpersonal problems over the past month.
- Estimated completion time is 5–8 minutes.
- Ensure a private, supportive environment; provide mental health resources (e.g., counseling services) and adapt for accessibility (e.g., large print) if needed.
Reliability and Validity
The IIP-PD-25 demonstrates strong psychometric properties (Pilkonis et al., 1996; Kim & Pilkonis, 1999). Internal consistency is high: Interpersonal Sensitivity (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89), Interpersonal Ambivalence (0.85), and Aggression (0.82), based on a sample of 103 patients and 105 controls. Test-retest reliability over 4 weeks is moderate to high (r ≈ 0.70–0.85). Factor analysis supports a three-factor structure, explaining 50–60% of variance.
Convergent validity is evidenced by correlations with the SCID-II personality disorder criteria (r ≈ 0.40–0.60), Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (r ≈ 0.45–0.65), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (r ≈ 0.50–0.70). Discriminant validity is shown by lower correlations with unrelated constructs like general intelligence (r < 0.20). Criterion validity is supported by its ability to differentiate patients with personality disorders from controls and predict treatment outcomes. Pairing with measures like the Personality Assessment Inventory or Five Factor Model Rating Form enhances comprehensive personality assessment.
Available Versions
25-Items
Reference
Pilkonis, P. A., Kim, Y., Proietti, J. M., & Barkham, M. (1996). Scales for personality disorders developed from the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Journal of personality disorders, 10(4), 355-369.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems – Personality Disorders – 25 measure?
It measures interpersonal difficulties (sensitivity, ambivalence, aggression) associated with personality disorders.
Who is the target population?
Adults in clinical or research settings, particularly those with suspected personality disorders.
How long does it take to administer?
Approximately 5–8 minutes.
Can it inform interventions?
Yes, it screens for interpersonal dysfunction to guide diagnosis and treatment planning.
Is it reliable for cross-cultural use?
Reliable in English; translations require cultural validation.
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