Psychology RootsEmotional Intelligence Questionnaire
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About Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire
Scale Name
Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire
Author Details
Nicola S. Schutte, John M. Malouff, et al.
Translation Availability
English
Background/Description
The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS)—often called the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT or SREIT) or Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS)—was introduced by Schutte, Malouff, Hall, Haggerty, Cooper, Golden, and Dornheim (1998) as a self-report instrument grounded in the Salovey & Mayer (1990) model of emotional intelligence (EI). The original conceptualization aimed to capture key emotional processes: appraisal and expression of emotions (in oneself and others), regulation of emotions, and utilization of emotions in adaptive problem solving (Schutte et al., 1998).
The authors believed that emotional intelligence, conceptualized as a trait-like self-perceived capacity to attend to, understand, regulate, and use emotions, could be efficiently measured with a self-report inventory. Since its introduction, the Schutte EIS has been widely used in both research and applied settings to assess individual differences in EI and to explore relationships with well-being, psychological health, academic performance, and workplace outcomes (e.g., via meta-analytic reviews). Indeed, Schutte et al. (2007) conducted a meta-analysis demonstrating associations between self-reported EI (via this scale) and health indicators, stress regulation, and life satisfaction (Schutte, Malouff, Thorsteinsson, Bhullar, & Rooke, 2007).
In practice, this scale’s appeal lies in its brevity (33 items), ease of administration, and fairly strong psychometric properties. It has been adapted to multiple cultural contexts and languages, and has been used in both adolescent and adult samples. However, the measure also faces critique, particularly regarding its factor structure and its overlap with personality traits (e.g., “emotional clarity” correlating with neuroticism or extraversion). (See “Psychometric Issues and Critiques” in the literature.)
In summary, the Schutte EIS provides a practical, self-report measure of emotional intelligence rooted in a popular theoretical model—particularly useful for psychological researchers, clinicians, and students interested in trait EI.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Obtain a licensed or authorized copy of the Schutte EIS (via publishers, test repositories, or institutional test libraries; see the User Manual: Inquisit SSEIT for details)
- Clarify to participants that the purpose is to measure their self-perceived emotional skills (not to diagnose psychopathology)
- Provide these instructions:
1. Respond to each of the 33 statements honestly.
2. Use a 5-point Likert scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree - Inform participants about the approximate time: roughly 5–10 minutes is sufficient for most respondents
- Administer the scale under standard conditions (e.g., quiet room, minimal distractions)
- After data collection, reverse-score the designated items (as specified in the scoring key), then sum all item scores to compute a total EI score. (Some users also compute subscores for subdomains, but many researchers default to the total score.)
Reliability and Validity
Below is a synthesis of the principal psychometric evidence for the Schutte EIS (and related adaptations).
Internal Consistency & Test-Retest Reliability
- In the original development sample, Cronbach’s alpha for the full 33-item scale was reported as α = .90 (Schutte et al., 1998)
- Many replications across different samples have found good internal consistency, often α in the .80–.90 range (e.g., in a Nigerian adolescent sample, α = .90)
- In a study with Indonesian football players, α = .816 was reported for the full scale (i.e., “good” reliability) (MSocialSciences journal)
- Some subscales (e.g. “utilizing emotions”) have exhibited lower reliabilities in certain samples (Ciarrochi, Chan, & Bajgar, 2001, as cited in secondary sources)
- Few studies have examined long-term test–retest reliability over long intervals, but shorter‐term stability tends to be acceptable in trait EI research.
Construct Validity, Factor Structure, Convergent/Divergent Validity
- The original authors assumed a unidimensional structure (i.e., all 33 items measuring one general EI factor). However, subsequent factor-analytic research has produced varied and sometimes conflicting factor solutions.
- In South African adaptation work, Jonker & Vosloo (2008) found evidence for a six-dimensional factor structure of the SEIS, with subfactors such as Positive Affect, Emotion–Others, Happy Emotions, Emotions–Own, Nonverbal Emotions, and Emotional Management
- Some studies in cross-cultural contexts (e.g. among Malaysian undergraduates) confirm that CFA models of the four-factor structure (perceiving, understanding, facilitating, managing) can fit well, supporting cross-cultural applicability (composite reliability and average variance extracted (AVE) indices supported convergent validity)
- In a bilingual English–Arabic sample, a three-factor structure (Optimism, Awareness of Emotions, and Use of Emotions) was supported, with Cronbach’s alphas of .76, .72, and .55 respectively
- The Measurement of Emotional Intelligence: A Critical Review (2019) notes that the Schutte EIS is widely used, but cautions about its overlap with general personality traits and the ambiguous factor structure (e.g. many high inter-factor correlations)
- As further evidence of criterion validity, the scale’s total EI score has been correlated (moderately) with life satisfaction, well-being indices, emotional well-being, and lower stress (Schutte et al., 2007 meta-analysis)
- However, the incremental validity of the EIS beyond Big Five personality traits is often modest or contested, and some critics argue that it largely captures self-perceived emotional traits overlapping with neuroticism/extraversion (see critiques in EI measurement literature) (see, e.g., Measurement of Emotional Intelligence: A Critical Review)
Available Versions
33-Items
Reference
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J., & Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and individual differences, 25(2), 167-177.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: How many items are on the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale?
It contains 33 self-report items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree).
Q2: What is the scoring range and how is it interpreted?
After reverse-scoring specified items, responses are summed. The total score theoretically ranges from 33 to 165 (but real-world max/mins vary). Some studies classify ranges (e.g., <111 = low, 111–137 = average, >137 = high)
Q3: Are there subscales or domains within the EIS?
Yes, researchers often derive subscales such as emotion perception, utilization, regulation of self, and regulation of others. But the factor structure is not universally agreed across studies.
Q4: Is the Schutte EIS valid across cultures?
Several cross-cultural validation studies (e.g. in Malaysia, Arabic samples) support convergent and construct validity, though factor structures may differ across language versions.
Q5: Can the Schutte EIS detect change (e.g. after an intervention)?
Because it is trait-anchored, it is less ideal for detecting short-term change; however, if an emotional skills intervention is strong, pre-post comparisons could show shifts. Always complement self-report with behavioral or observational measures when possible.
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Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire
Here in this post, we are sharing the “Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire”. You can read psychometric and Author information. We have thousands of Scales and questionnaires in our collection (See Scales and Questionnaires). You can demand us any scale and questionnaires related to psychology through our community, and we will provide you with a short time. Keep visiting Psychology Roots.
About Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire
For the purposes of measuring emotional intelligence, a 33-item emotional intelligence scale as developed by Schutte, Malouff, Hall, Haggerty, Cooper, Golden, and Dornheim (1998) was used. The authors of this questionnaire carried out a variety of studies in establishing the 33-item scale. The questionnaire contains a 5-point scale with higher scores indicating a higher level of emotional intelligence. The scale was found to be correlated with theoretically related constructs such as the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (r =-.65), and the Attention subscale of the Trait Meta Mood Scale (r =.63).
A Cronbach’s alpha of .87 was found for the internal consistency of the scale. Also, a two-week test-retest showed a reliability of .78. The scale also showed evidence of validity as scores on the scale were shown to be related to eight of nine measures predicted to be related to emotional intelligence. Furthermore, scores on the scale differed between groups that one would expect to score differently on emotional intelligence. For example, psychotherapists scored higher than prisoners and substance abuse clients. Also, women scored higher than men did. For the current study, high reliability was found using Cronbach’s alpha (α = .81).
Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire
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