Psychology RootsCommunity Resources in Neighborhood – Chicago Youth Development Study
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About Community Resources in Neighborhood – Chicago Youth Development Study
Scale Name
Community Resources in Neighborhood – Chicago Youth Development Study
Author Details
Patrick H. Tolan, Deborah Gorman-Smith, and David B. Henry (2001)
Translation Availability
English
Background/Description
The Community Resources in Neighborhood – Chicago Youth Development Study, developed by Patrick H. Tolan, Deborah Gorman-Smith, and David B. Henry in 2001, is a dual-report questionnaire designed to measure the availability and use of resources in the community, such as relatives, grocery stores, clinics, and public transportation. Targeting youths initially in grades 6 and 8 (ages 11-14) in 1990, with longitudinal follow-up into adulthood, and their primary caregivers in urban settings, the scale was part of the Chicago Youth Development Study, a longitudinal study of risk and protective factors for urban youth. Cited in Dahlberg et al. (2005), it aligns with ecological systems theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979) and social disorganization theory (Shaw & McKay, 1942), assessing how access to community resources serves as a protective factor against delinquency and supports positive development.
The scale comprises 10 items per version (youth and caregiver), divided into two subscales: youth resources (e.g., awareness and use of community services) and caregiver resources (e.g., reliance on neighborhood resources). Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = “not at all” to 4 = “very often”). Scores are summed per subscale (range: 5-20 each), with higher scores indicating greater availability and use of resources. Validated in urban samples, it is used to assess community resource access, predict behavioral outcomes, and inform community-based interventions.
Psychologists, family researchers, and public health professionals use the scale to evaluate youth and caregiver perceptions of community resources, study protective factors, and design interventions. Its dual-report format is a strength, but low to moderate internal consistency and English-only availability limit reliability and cross-cultural use.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Obtain a copy of the scale from authorized sources, such as Dahlberg et al. (2005) Measuring Violence-Related Attitudes, Behaviors, and Influences Among Youths or Chicago Youth Development Study publications, ensuring ethical use permissions.
- Explain the purpose to respondents, noting that it assesses the availability and use of community resources to support youth and family well-being, emphasizing anonymity and using age-appropriate, non-judgmental language.
- Provide instructions, asking youths and caregivers to rate the frequency of access to or use of community resources over the past month, using the 4-point scale. Administer both versions separately to capture perspectives.
- Approximate time for completion is 3-4 minutes per respondent, given the 10-item format.
- Administer in a school, home, or research setting, using paper or digital formats, ensuring a private environment. Oral administration may be used for youths with reading difficulties or caregivers as needed.
Reliability and Validity
The Community Resources in Neighborhood – Chicago Youth Development Study has moderate to low psychometric properties, as reported in Dahlberg et al. (2005). Internal consistency is low for youth resources (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.58) and moderate for caregiver resources (α = 0.74), indicating variable item cohesion, likely due to diverse resource types and perceptual differences. Test-retest reliability is not reported, but stability is inferred to be moderate based on similar community measures (r ≈ 0.50-0.70 over weeks).
Convergent validity is supported by correlations with related constructs, such as increased social support (r ≈ 0.20-0.40) and reduced delinquency (r ≈ -0.15 to -0.35). Discriminant validity is inferred from weaker correlations with unrelated constructs, like academic achievement (r < 0.30). Criterion validity is demonstrated by its use in predicting positive behavioral outcomes in longitudinal studies. Factor analyses are not detailed, but the two-subscale structure (youth and caregiver resources) supports construct validity. The low to moderate reliability suggests cautious use, ideally paired with validated measures like the Collective Efficacy scale (Sampson et al., 1997).
Available Versions
13-Items
Reference
Sheidow, A. J., Gorman‐Smith, D., Tolan, P. H., & Henry, D. B. (2001). Family and community characteristics: Risk factors for violence exposure in inner‐city youth. Journal of community psychology, 29(3), 345-360.
Dahlberg, L. L., Toal, S. B., Swahn, M. H., & Behrens, C. B. (2005). Measuring violence-related attitudes, behaviors, and influences among youths: A compendium of assessment tools. Centers for disease control and prevention.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the Community Resources in Neighborhood – Chicago Youth Development Study measure?
It measures the availability and use of community resources by youths and caregivers.
Who can use the scale?
Psychologists, family researchers, and public health professionals studying youths and caregivers.
How long does the scale take to complete?
It takes about 3-4 minutes per respondent.
Is the scale specific to certain groups?
It targets urban youths in grades 6 and 8 and their caregivers.
Can the scale inform interventions?
Yes, but low to moderate reliability (α = 0.58-0.74) suggests use with validated measures.
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