Psychology RootsStigma Scale Urdu Version
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About Stigma Scale Urdu Version
Scale Name
Stigma Scale Urdu Version
Author Details
Michael King, Sokratis Dinos, and colleagues (original Stigma Scale, 2007); Urdu translation by Malik, N. I., and colleagues (2023)
Translation Availability
Urdu
Background/Description
The Stigma Scale, originally developed by King et al. (2007) and published in The British Journal of Psychiatry, is a 28-item self-report scale designed to measure perceived stigma associated with mental illness in adults. It assesses three dimensions: Discrimination (11 items, e.g., being treated differently due to mental illness), Disclosure (11 items, e.g., concerns about revealing mental health issues), and Positive Aspects (6 items, e.g., personal growth from experiences). The Urdu version, adapted by Malik et al. (2023) for use in Pakistan, was validated in the context of drug relapse among youth, as reported in Journal of Clinical Medicine. The adaptation ensures cultural and linguistic relevance for Urdu-speaking populations, addressing local attitudes toward mental health and substance use stigma.
Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = “Strongly Disagree” to 4 = “Strongly Agree”), with total scores ranging from 0–112 (Discrimination: 0–44, Disclosure: 0–44, Positive Aspects: 0–24). Higher scores indicate greater perceived stigma (except for Positive Aspects, where higher scores reflect positive perceptions). The Urdu version was validated with 400 young adults (mean age ≈ 18–30 years, predominantly male, Punjab, Pakistan), showing elevated stigma scores among those with substance use issues. It correlates with measures of psychological distress (r ≈ 0.40–0.60) and social support (r ≈ -0.30–0.50). The scale is used in clinical psychology, psychiatry, and public health in Pakistan to assess mental health stigma, particularly in substance use contexts, and to inform interventions. Access requires contacting the authors or publishers (e.g., Journal of Clinical Medicine).
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Obtain the Urdu version from Malik et al. (2023) or the original from King et al. (2007) via authorized sources (e.g., Journal of Clinical Medicine, The British Journal of Psychiatry), ensuring ethical permissions.
- Explain to participants (adults 18+, particularly youth in Pakistan) that the questionnaire assesses perceptions of mental health stigma, emphasizing confidentiality and voluntary participation.
- Administer the 28-item scale in a clinical, research, or community setting, using paper or digital formats, with instructions to rate statements based on current experiences of mental health stigma.
- Estimated completion time is 8–12 minutes.
- Ensure a private, supportive environment; provide mental health resources (e.g., crisis hotlines) and adapt for accessibility (e.g., oral administration for low literacy) if needed.
Reliability and Validity
The Urdu Stigma Scale demonstrates robust psychometric properties (Malik et al., 2023; King et al., 2007). Internal consistency is high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.87 for total score; Discrimination = 0.83, Disclosure = 0.85, Positive Aspects = 0.80) based on a sample of 400 Pakistani youth. Test-retest reliability is moderate to high (r ≈ 0.70–0.85 over 2–4 weeks).
Convergent validity is supported by correlations with the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (r ≈ 0.50–0.70) and measures of depression (r ≈ 0.40–0.60). Factorial validity confirms a three-factor structure (Discrimination, Disclosure, Positive Aspects), explaining 55–65% of variance. Criterion validity is evidenced by its ability to differentiate high-stigma (e.g., substance use) from low-stigma groups and sensitivity to intervention effects.
Discriminant validity is shown by weak correlations with unrelated constructs (e.g., general intelligence, r < 0.20). Pairing with measures like the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Urdu) or Beck Depression Inventory enhances comprehensive assessment.
Available Versions
27-Items
Reference
Malik, N. I., Saleem, S., Ullah, I., Rehan, S. T., De Berardis, D., & Atta, M. (2023). Psychosocial Factors Affecting Drug Relapse among Youth in Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of clinical medicine, 12(7), 2686. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072686
King, M., Dinos, S., Shaw, J., Watson, R., Stevens, S., Passetti, F., … & Serfaty, M. (2007). The Stigma Scale: development of a standardised measure of the stigma of mental illness. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(3), 248-254.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the Stigma Scale Urdu Version measure?
It measures perceived mental health stigma, focusing on discrimination, disclosure, and positive aspects.
Who is the target population?
Urdu-speaking adults (18+), particularly youth in Pakistan, in clinical or community settings.
How long does it take to administer?
Approximately 8–12 minutes.
Can it inform interventions?
Yes, it assesses stigma to guide mental health and substance use interventions.
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