School Belongingness Scale
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About School Belongingness Scale
Scale Name
School Belongingness Scale
Author Details
Gökhan Arslan and Erdinç Duru
Translation Availability
English

Background/Description
The School Belongingness Scale was developed to measure students’ sense of belonging within their school environment. It evaluates how connected, accepted, and supported students feel in their educational institutions. This sense of belonging is considered a crucial factor influencing students’ mental health, academic performance, and overall well-being.
The scale is grounded in a multidimensional framework that incorporates emotional and relational aspects of belonging. It aims to provide educators, psychologists, and researchers with insights into students’ social integration and their emotional connection to the school.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Preparation:
- Ensure the questionnaire is in a suitable language for the participants.
- Provide a quiet and comfortable setting for respondents to complete the scale.
- Instruction:
- Clearly explain the purpose of the scale to participants, emphasizing confidentiality and the non-judgmental nature of the assessment.
- Completion:
- Distribute the scale, which consists of self-report items rated on a Likert scale.
- Encourage participants to respond honestly based on their recent experiences and feelings about school.
Reliability and Validity
- Reliability: The scale demonstrates high internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of .89.
- Validity: The scale has been validated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, showing strong construct validity.
Available Versions
10-Items
Reference
Arslan, G., & Duru, E. (2017). Initial development and validation of the School Belongingness Scale. Child Indicators Research, 10, 1043-1058.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: What age group is the scale suitable for?
The scale is designed for students in middle and high school, typically aged 11–18 years.
Q2: Can this scale be used to assess interventions?
Yes, the scale can measure changes in students’ sense of belonging before and after implementing school-based interventions.
Q3: Is the scale culturally adaptable?
Yes, but any adaptation should include a thorough process of translation and validation for cultural relevance.
Q4: How long does it take to complete the scale?
The scale usually takes 5–10 minutes to complete.
Q5: What dimensions of belonging does it measure?
It assesses emotional attachment, relational integration, and perceptions of acceptance within the school environment.
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