Psychology RootsFrost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS)
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About Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS)
Scale Name
Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS)
Author Details
Joachim Stoeber
Translation Availability
Not Sure
Background/Description
The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) was developed by Frost and colleagues (1990) to measure perfectionism across multiple dimensions. This scale identifies the different aspects of perfectionism, which include both healthy and unhealthy forms. The FMPS distinguishes perfectionism’s complex structure, which can manifest as an individual striving for high standards, fear of making mistakes, or concern over others’ expectations.
Originally designed with six dimensions, subsequent research by Stober (1998) suggests that a four-factor model better explains perfectionism. The FMPS is frequently used in both clinical and research settings to assess perfectionistic traits and how they contribute to mental health outcomes, such as anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Format: The FMPS consists of 35 items rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). The items reflect different dimensions of perfectionism.
- Dimensions:
- Concern Over Mistakes: The tendency to view mistakes as failures.
- Personal Standards: Setting excessively high goals and standards for oneself.
- Parental Expectations: Perception of overly high expectations from parents.
- Doubts About Actions: The feeling of uncertainty about the quality of one’s performance.
- Scoring: Higher scores indicate higher perfectionistic tendencies in the corresponding dimensions.
Reliability and Validity
The FMPS has demonstrated strong reliability and validity across various studies. Internal consistency values for the scale are generally high, and it has been shown to correlate with other measures of perfectionism and psychological distress. The revised four-factor structure proposed by Stober (1998) is widely used, as it improves the model’s fit and applicability.
Available Versions
35-Items
Reference
Frost, R. O., & Marten, P. A. (1990). Perfectionism and evaluative threat. Cognitive therapy and research, 14, 559-572.
Stöber, J. Stöber, J.(1998). The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: More perfect with four (instead of six) dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 24 (4), 481-491.
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS)?
The FMPS is a scale designed to measure perfectionism across multiple dimensions, such as concern over mistakes and setting high personal standards.
What are the dimensions of perfectionism in FMPS?
The FMPS originally had six dimensions, but the revised model focuses on four key dimensions: Concern Over Mistakes, Personal Standards, Parental Expectations, and Doubts About Actions.
Who can benefit from using the FMPS?
The FMPS is used by clinicians and researchers to understand perfectionistic traits in individuals and how they may contribute to psychological distress.
How reliable is the FMPS?
The FMPS is highly reliable, with consistent internal validity demonstrated across various studies. The revised four-factor model is considered more robust.
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