Attitudes Towards Smoking Scale
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About Attitudes Towards Smoking Scale
Scale Name
Attitudes Towards Smoking Scale
Author Details
J F Etter, J P Humair, M M Bergman, T V Perneger
Translation Availability
French

Background/Description
The Attitudes Towards Smoking Scale (ATS-18) is a valid and reliable instrument used to measure attitudes towards smoking in current and former cigarette smokers. Developed and validated by Jean-Francois Etter, Jean-Paul Humair, Manfred Max Bergman, and Thomas V. Perneger, this scale consists of 18-items, including three subscales that measure perceptions of adverse effects of smoking (10 items), psychoactive benefits (four items), and pleasure of smoking (four items).
The authors collected both qualitative and quantitative data from two mail surveys, followed by a 16-month follow-up survey among 93 participants. The constructed and validated scale yielded high internal consistency coefficients (0.85, 0.88 and 0.81) and test-retest correlations (0.90, 0.75, 0.89, respectively), demonstrating its viability as a reliable instrument for research and clinical applications.
Differences in attitude scores between smokers in the pre-contemplation and preparation stages of change were 2 0.83, 0.71 and 1.23 standard deviation units, respectively. A differential score (advantages minus disadvantages of smoking) predicted smoking cessation in baseline smokers and relapse in base-line ex-smokers. Overall, ATS-18 provides an efficient method of evaluating smokers’ attitudes and can yield valuable insights into the reasons for quitting and relapse, informing tailored counselling reports and the evaluation of smoking cessation interventions.
Administration, Scoring and Interpretation
- Obtain permission to use the ATS-18 questionnaire and any necessary informed consent forms related to the study or clinical setting.
- Ensure that the confidentiality and privacy of the participants are protected.
- Brief participants about the purpose of the study or clinical setting and what their participation entails.
- Administer the ATS-18 questionnaire to participants in either mail, online or in-person with instructions provided on the standardized questionnaire.
- Ensure that participants complete the questionnaire accurately and provide the necessary responses.
- Collect completed questionnaires and store them securely and confidentially.
- Compile and analyze the results using a statistical software or a qualified statistician.
Reliability and Validity
The Attitudes Towards Smoking Scale (ATS-18) has demonstrated high reliability and validity. Internal consistency coefficients for the three subscales measuring perceptions of adverse effects of smoking, psychoactive benefits, and pleasure of smoking were 0.85, 0.88, and 0.81, respectively.
Test-retest correlations were also high at 0.90, 0.75, and 0.89, respectively. These values indicate that the scale is reliable and consistent in its measurement. Additionally, the construct, content, and predictive validity of the ATS-18 scale were addressed in the study. The scale was validated with reference to criteria of content-, construct-, and predictive-validity, all of which proved to be satisfactory.
Differences in attitude scores between smokers in the pre-contemplation and preparation stages of change were 2 0.83, 0.71 and 1.23 standard deviation units, respectively. A differential score, which is the advantages minus disadvantages of smoking, predicted smoking cessation in baseline smokers and relapse in baseline ex-smokers. Overall, these results demonstrate that the ATS-18 scale is a valid and reliable instrument, which can be used both in research and clinical settings.
Available Versions
18-Items
Reference
Etter, J. F., Humair, J. P., Bergman, M. M., & Perneger, T. V. (2000). Development and validation of the Attitudes Towards Smoking Scale (ATS-18). Addiction (Abingdon, England), 95(4), 613–625. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.95461312.x
Important Link
Scale File:
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the Attitudes Towards Smoking Scale?
A: The Attitudes Towards Smoking Scale (ATS-18) is a validated and reliable questionnaire developed to measure attitudes towards smoking in current and former cigarette smokers.
Q: What are the three subscales of ATS-18?
A: The three subscales of ATS-18 measure perceptions of adverse effects of smoking (10 items), psychoactive benefits (four items), and pleasure of smoking (four items).
Q: What is the validity of ATS-18?
A: The ATS-18 scale has demonstrated high content, construct, and predictive validity.
Q: How many items are there in ATS-18?
A: There are 18 items in the ATS-18 questionnaire.
Q: Can the ATS-18 be used in research and clinical settings?
A: Yes, the ATS-18 is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used both in research and clinical settings.
Q: What is the reliability of ATS-18?
A: The ATS-18 scale has demonstrated high internal consistency coefficients and test-retest correlations, indicating its high reliability.
Q: How is ATS-18 administered?
A: The ATS-18 questionnaire can be administered via mail, online, or in-person, with instructions on how to respond to each item provided on the standardized questionnaire.
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